Water supply and management

AlburyCity has two water supply systems; reticulated potable (treated) water and raw (untreated) water.

Potable (treated) water system

The potable water scheme pumps water from the Murray River via one of three pump stations on the river to the Water Filtration Plant in East Albury. The location of the stations on the river ensures that pumps can draw the best-quality water available at any particular time.

Once treated, the potable water is pumped by one or more of the 16 distribution pumping stations to 35 service reservoirs scattered throughout the City. From these reservoirs the water gravitates to the 24,000 plus Albury customers through the reticulation system (22,500 of these customers are residential customers).

There is approximately 540kms of water mains of varying diameter ranging from 75mm diameter to 750mm. To maintain the treated water quality there are also six chlorine booster stations throughout the water reticulation system.

Albury has a total licensed allocation of 13,025 megalitres (one megalitre equals 1 million litres). A typical winter’s day consumption is around 15ML while in the summer months the average consumption is around 40ML. The highest recorded day’s consumption was 76.51ML and this occurred on 21 January 1997.

Raw (untreated) water system

We supply raw (untreated) water to a number of big businesses, including Norske Skog paper mill at Ettamogah, Overall Forge (a foundry at Ettamogah), Thurgoona Golf Club, Thurgoona Public School, Albury Wodonga Equestrian Centre and a number of residences at Ettamogah.

The scheme consists of a pump station on the Murray River, approximately 13.5kms of pumping main ranging in diameter from 500mm to 900mm, a booster pump station at Corrys Road Thurgoona, a 2ML rubber-lined open balance tank at Corrys Road and a 2.1ML reinforced concrete balance tank at One Tree Hill Reservoir. Associated with the raw water scheme is a 15.1km long return pipeline that allows the paper mill to return treated water to the Murray River.

Our treatment process

AlburyCity, along with all other Local Water Utilities (LWUs) in NSW are required to have a potable water system that delivers treated water that complies with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) and the NSW Health Act.

LWUs are also regulated by the water section of the NSW Department of Primary Industries (DPI – Water) and also require an EPA licence.

Albury’s Water Treatment Plants

AlburyCity has two Water Filtration Plants (WFPs), both on the same site, located in Water Works and Boundary Roads East Albury. Plant ‘A’ (WFP ‘A’) was constructed in 1980 and Plant ‘B’ (WFP ‘B’) was constructed in 1990.

Both plants are fully automated and operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Each can process 70 megalitres of water per day - the equivalent of 28 Olympic-sized swimming pools.

Both plants use the ‘direct filtration’ process although WFP ‘B’ is soon to be converted to the dissolved air flotation filtration process which will increase its capacity to around 90 megalitres per day.

The treatment process

Raw (untreated) water is pumped directly from the Murray River to the Water Filtration Plant.

When the raw water arrives at the plant, it goes through the various treatment processes. Part of the process sees the water passing through a filter medium consisting of layers of gravel and sand, and topped with a layer of antracite (a hard filter coal). This process removes the dirt particles in the raw water.

The filters must be cleaned every eight to 24 hours depending upon the quality of the raw water. To clean the filters, clean water is pumped back through the filters to remove the accumulated dirt. The backwash water is then discharged to one of the four sludge lagoons, where the dirt settles out. The return water is then pumped back to the filtration plant and mixed with the incoming raw water. Approximately every 12 months, the lagoon is allowed to dry out and the dried sludge is either disposed of off-site or spread over the facility grounds as topsoil.

Part of the treatment process also sees specific chemicals being added to improve the treatment process and/or improve the water quality. These chemicals include:

• Alum (in the form of Aluminium Sulphate) and polyelectrolyte (a non-ionic polymer) are added to assist with the coagulation and flocculation process. Essentially, these chemicals cause the dirt particles to stick together so that it is easier to filter out the dirt
• Lime is added for pH correction, i.e. to control the acidic level that naturally occurs in water
• Chlorine (in the form of a gas) is added/used as a disinfectant to kill any microorganisms in the water
• Fluoride (in the form of Sodium silica fluoride [Na2SiF6] ) is added to improve the health of teeth (and is a requirement of NSW Health)
• Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) is added to remove algal toxins and control the earthy smell of the water by reducing the levels of methylisoborneol (commonly known as MIB) and geosmin. This process usually only occurs in the months of February and March.

The addition of all of these chemicals and all treatment processes are closely monitored and testing occurs regularly on a daily basis. As part of the automated process of producing treated water the plant has the ability to shut-down if certain water standards or quality limits are not met.

Water Testing and Certification

Water samples are regularly taken from the Water Filtration Plant and the reticulation system for testing to ensure they meet Australian Drinking Water Guidelines and specific NSW Health requirements.

Around 35 tests per day are performed on water being treated at the plant and approximately 45 tests per week are carried out on water taken from the reticulation system. In addition, AlburyCity Health Officers take an average of five samples per week from the reticulation system for testing on behalf of NSW Health.

The plant uses specialised online analysers which test some of the samples automatically on-site, and the results are used to assist with maintaining the operations of the Water Filtration Plant and the reticulation system.

The tests measure factors such as:

• chlorine level
• pH level (which indicates water acidity/alkalinity)
• fluoride level
• turbidity (water cloudiness)
• coliforms (which indicates the level of bacteria in the water)
• E-coli presence (E-coli bacteria can cause stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea).

AlburyCity records results of all of these tests to meet requirements for accreditation for operation of a Water Filtration Plant and reticulation system.

Once the treatment process is complete and the water is ready for drinking, it is stored in four storage tanks at the site before being distributed to users through the reticulation system.

Local Water Utilities (LWUs) throughout NSW are required to report on the performance of their water and wastewater businesses.

The reporting requires responses to over 700 questions relating to the operation and management of our water and wastewater infrastructure. This information is subsequently compiled by the Department and is a valuable resource for comparing Council’s performance over time and benchmarking our triple bottom line results with other LWUs throughout the state.

Because we have more than 20,000 customers, our results are also nationally benchmarked annually.

National performance reports: Water Information: Bureau of Meteorology

An Environment Protection Authority (EPA) licence for our Water Treatment Plant is also reported against on an annual basis.

PFAS Reporting

What are PFAS?

PFAS are manufactured chemicals that do not occur naturally in the environment. They have been widely used since the 1950s for everyday products. They are resistant to heat, stains, grease and water, so they were often used in items like non-stick cookware, firefighting foams, water-repelling fabrics, cleaning products and personal care products. PFAS do not easily break down, so they can remain in the environment for a long time, and they can pose a risk to health with prolonged exposure. As a result of their widespread use, PFAS have been found to be present in low levels in some surface water and groundwater around the world.

In August 2018, the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) were amended to incorporate two PFAS health-based guideline values for three PFAS chemicals. New proposed ADWG draft health-based guideline levels have been released for four types of PFAS chemicals in drinking water.  The guideline values are listed in the table below and indicate how much PFAS in drinking water a person can consume over a lifetime without any increased risk to their health.

How is AlburyCity Responding?

AlburyCity participated in the NSW Health PFAS screening program for water supplies in NSW. Under the program water from Albury’s drinking water supply was tested for PFAS. Results can be seen in the table below, which shows all results are below both the current and proposed guideline recommended values and below the detection level of the test.

NSW Health Arranged PFAS Test Results – 10 December 2024

*Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2011)
**Note that the “Less than” in the results means that the test cannot measure the chemical below this value.

For more information:
WSAA FAQ PFAS Drinking Water Guidelines
The NSW Government PFAS Investigation Program
PFAS and Drinking Water -- Information and updates - NSW Government
NSW Government welcomes NHMRC Proposed Guidelines on Drinking Water and PFAS
Australian Drinking Water Guidelines - Public Consultation on Draft Guidance for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) - NHMRC consultation hub - Citizen Space